【花雕学编程】Arduino动手做（249）--GC9A01配置TFT_eSPI库

TFT_eSPI 是一个 高效的 Arduino 和 PlatformIO 兼容库，专门用于 驱动 TFT 显示屏，特别适用于 ESP32、ESP8266、STM32 和 Raspberry Pi Pico 等微控制器。

核心特点
✅ 支持多种 TFT 屏幕驱动（如 ST7789、ILI9341等）
✅ 优化 SPI 通信，提高绘图速度
✅ 支持旋转、颜色转换、字体渲染等功能
✅ 兼容 Arduino 和 PlatformIO，易于集成

使用方式
1️⃣ 安装库：可以通过 Arduino Library Manager 或 PlatformIO 添加 TFT_eSPI 库。
2️⃣ 配置 User_Setup.h：需要根据 屏幕型号 和 引脚连接 进行适配。
3️⃣ 初始化屏幕：

#include <TFT_eSPI.h>
TFT_eSPI tft = TFT_eSPI();
tft.begin();
tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLACK);
复制代码

4️⃣ 绘制图形：可以使用 drawPixel()、fillRect()、drawCircle() 等函数绘制各种图形。

一、配置User_Setup.h：
打开libraries文件夹

配置完毕的User_Setup.h完整代码如下：

//                            USER DEFINED SETTINGS
//   Set driver type, fonts to be loaded, pins used and SPI control method etc.
//
//   See the User_Setup_Select.h file if you wish to be able to define multiple
//   setups and then easily select which setup file is used by the compiler.
//
//   If this file is edited correctly then all the library example sketches should
//   run without the need to make any more changes for a particular hardware setup!
//   Note that some sketches are designed for a particular TFT pixel width/height

// User defined information reported by "Read_User_Setup" test & diagnostics example
#define USER_SETUP_INFO "User_Setup"

// Define to disable all #warnings in library (can be put in User_Setup_Select.h)
//#define DISABLE_ALL_LIBRARY_WARNINGS

// ##################################################################################
//
// Section 1. Call up the right driver file and any options for it
//
// ##################################################################################

// Define STM32 to invoke optimised processor support (only for STM32)
//#define STM32

// Defining the STM32 board allows the library to optimise the performance
// for UNO compatible "MCUfriend" style shields
//#define NUCLEO_64_TFT
//#define NUCLEO_144_TFT

// STM32 8-bit parallel only:
// If STN32 Port A or B pins 0-7 are used for 8-bit parallel data bus bits 0-7
// then this will improve rendering performance by a factor of ~8x
//#define STM_PORTA_DATA_BUS
//#define STM_PORTB_DATA_BUS

// Tell the library to use parallel mode (otherwise SPI is assumed)
//#define TFT_PARALLEL_8_BIT
//#defined TFT_PARALLEL_16_BIT // **** 16-bit parallel ONLY for RP2040 processor ****

// Display type -  only define if RPi display
//#define RPI_DISPLAY_TYPE // 20MHz maximum SPI

// Only define one driver, the other ones must be commented out
//#define ILI9341_DRIVER       // Generic driver for common displays
//#define ILI9341_2_DRIVER     // Alternative ILI9341 driver, see https://github.com/Bodmer/TFT_eSPI/issues/1172
//#define ST7735_DRIVER      // Define additional parameters below for this display
//#define ILI9163_DRIVER     // Define additional parameters below for this display
//#define S6D02A1_DRIVER
//#define RPI_ILI9486_DRIVER // 20MHz maximum SPI
//#define HX8357D_DRIVER
//#define ILI9481_DRIVER
//#define ILI9486_DRIVER
//#define ILI9488_DRIVER     // WARNING: Do not connect ILI9488 display SDO to MISO if other devices share the SPI bus (TFT SDO does NOT tristate when CS is high)
//#define ST7789_DRIVER      // Full configuration option, define additional parameters below for this display
//#define ST7789_2_DRIVER    // Minimal configuration option, define additional parameters below for this display
//#define R61581_DRIVER
//#define RM68140_DRIVER
//#define ST7796_DRIVER
//#define SSD1351_DRIVER
//#define SSD1963_480_DRIVER
//#define SSD1963_800_DRIVER
//#define SSD1963_800ALT_DRIVER
//#define ILI9225_DRIVER
#define GC9A01_DRIVER

// Some displays support SPI reads via the MISO pin, other displays have a single
// bi-directional SDA pin and the library will try to read this via the MOSI line.
// To use the SDA line for reading data from the TFT uncomment the following line:

// #define TFT_SDA_READ      // This option is for ESP32 ONLY, tested with ST7789 and GC9A01 display only

// For ST7735, ST7789 and ILI9341 ONLY, define the colour order IF the blue and red are swapped on your display
// Try ONE option at a time to find the correct colour order for your display

//  #define TFT_RGB_ORDER TFT_RGB  // Colour order Red-Green-Blue
//  #define TFT_RGB_ORDER TFT_BGR  // Colour order Blue-Green-Red

// For M5Stack ESP32 module with integrated ILI9341 display ONLY, remove // in line below

// #define M5STACK

// For ST7789, ST7735, ILI9163 and GC9A01 ONLY, define the pixel width and height in portrait orientation
// #define TFT_WIDTH  80
// #define TFT_WIDTH  128
// #define TFT_WIDTH  172 // ST7789 172 x 320
// #define TFT_WIDTH  170 // ST7789 170 x 320
// #define TFT_WIDTH  240 // ST7789 240 x 240 and 240 x 320
// #define TFT_HEIGHT 160
// #define TFT_HEIGHT 128
// #define TFT_HEIGHT 240 // ST7789 240 x 240
// #define TFT_HEIGHT 320 // ST7789 240 x 320
#define TFT_HEIGHT 240 // GC9A01 240 x 240

// For ST7735 ONLY, define the type of display, originally this was based on the
// colour of the tab on the screen protector film but this is not always true, so try
// out the different options below if the screen does not display graphics correctly,
// e.g. colours wrong, mirror images, or stray pixels at the edges.
// Comment out ALL BUT ONE of these options for a ST7735 display driver, save this
// this User_Setup file, then rebuild and upload the sketch to the board again:

// #define ST7735_INITB
// #define ST7735_GREENTAB
// #define ST7735_GREENTAB2
// #define ST7735_GREENTAB3
// #define ST7735_GREENTAB128    // For 128 x 128 display
// #define ST7735_GREENTAB160x80 // For 160 x 80 display (BGR, inverted, 26 offset)
// #define ST7735_ROBOTLCD       // For some RobotLCD Arduino shields (128x160, BGR, https://docs.arduino.cc/retired/getting-started-guides/TFT)
// #define ST7735_REDTAB
// #define ST7735_BLACKTAB
// #define ST7735_REDTAB160x80   // For 160 x 80 display with 24 pixel offset

// If colours are inverted (white shows as black) then uncomment one of the next
// 2 lines try both options, one of the options should correct the inversion.

// #define TFT_INVERSION_ON
// #define TFT_INVERSION_OFF


// ##################################################################################
//
// Section 2. Define the pins that are used to interface with the display here
//
// ##################################################################################

// If a backlight control signal is available then define the TFT_BL pin in Section 2
// below. The backlight will be turned ON when tft.begin() is called, but the library
// needs to know if the LEDs are ON with the pin HIGH or LOW. If the LEDs are to be
// driven with a PWM signal or turned OFF/ON then this must be handled by the user
// sketch. e.g. with digitalWrite(TFT_BL, LOW);

// #define TFT_BL   32            // LED back-light control pin
// #define TFT_BACKLIGHT_ON HIGH  // Level to turn ON back-light (HIGH or LOW)



// We must use hardware SPI, a minimum of 3 GPIO pins is needed.
// Typical setup for ESP8266 NodeMCU ESP-12 is :
//
// Display SDO/MISO  to NodeMCU pin D6 (or leave disconnected if not reading TFT)
// Display LED       to NodeMCU pin VIN (or 5V, see below)
// Display SCK       to NodeMCU pin D5
// Display SDI/MOSI  to NodeMCU pin D7
// Display DC (RS/AO)to NodeMCU pin D3
// Display RESET     to NodeMCU pin D4 (or RST, see below)
// Display CS        to NodeMCU pin D8 (or GND, see below)
// Display GND       to NodeMCU pin GND (0V)
// Display VCC       to NodeMCU 5V or 3.3V
//
// The TFT RESET pin can be connected to the NodeMCU RST pin or 3.3V to free up a control pin
//
// The DC (Data Command) pin may be labelled AO or RS (Register Select)
//
// With some displays such as the ILI9341 the TFT CS pin can be connected to GND if no more
// SPI devices (e.g. an SD Card) are connected, in this case comment out the #define TFT_CS
// line below so it is NOT defined. Other displays such at the ST7735 require the TFT CS pin
// to be toggled during setup, so in these cases the TFT_CS line must be defined and connected.
//
// The NodeMCU D0 pin can be used for RST
//
//
// Note: only some versions of the NodeMCU provide the USB 5V on the VIN pin
// If 5V is not available at a pin you can use 3.3V but backlight brightness
// will be lower.


// ###### EDIT THE PIN NUMBERS IN THE LINES FOLLOWING TO SUIT YOUR ESP8266 SETUP ######

// For NodeMCU - use pin numbers in the form PIN_Dx where Dx is the NodeMCU pin designation
//#define TFT_MISO  PIN_D6  // Automatically assigned with ESP8266 if not defined
//#define TFT_MOSI  PIN_D7  // Automatically assigned with ESP8266 if not defined
//#define TFT_SCLK  PIN_D5  // Automatically assigned with ESP8266 if not defined

//#define TFT_CS    PIN_D8  // Chip select control pin D8
//#define TFT_DC    PIN_D3  // Data Command control pin
//#define TFT_RST   PIN_D4  // Reset pin (could connect to NodeMCU RST, see next line)
//#define TFT_RST  -1     // Set TFT_RST to -1 if the display RESET is connected to NodeMCU RST or 3.3V


//#define TFT_BL PIN_D1  // LED back-light (only for ST7789 with backlight control pin)

//#define TOUCH_CS PIN_D2     // Chip select pin (T_CS) of touch screen

//#define TFT_WR PIN_D2       // Write strobe for modified Raspberry Pi TFT only


// ######  FOR ESP8266 OVERLAP MODE EDIT THE PIN NUMBERS IN THE FOLLOWING LINES  ######

// Overlap mode shares the ESP8266 FLASH SPI bus with the TFT so has a performance impact
// but saves pins for other functions. It is best not to connect MISO as some displays
// do not tristate that line when chip select is high!
// Note: Only one SPI device can share the FLASH SPI lines, so a SPI touch controller
// cannot be connected as well to the same SPI signals.
// On NodeMCU 1.0 SD0=MISO, SD1=MOSI, CLK=SCLK to connect to TFT in overlap mode
// On NodeMCU V3  S0 =MISO, S1 =MOSI, S2 =SCLK
// In ESP8266 overlap mode the following must be defined

//#define TFT_SPI_OVERLAP

// In ESP8266 overlap mode the TFT chip select MUST connect to pin D3
//#define TFT_CS   PIN_D3
//#define TFT_DC   PIN_D5  // Data Command control pin
//#define TFT_RST  PIN_D4  // Reset pin (could connect to NodeMCU RST, see next line)
//#define TFT_RST  -1  // Set TFT_RST to -1 if the display RESET is connected to NodeMCU RST or 3.3V


// ###### EDIT THE PIN NUMBERS IN THE LINES FOLLOWING TO SUIT YOUR ESP32 SETUP   ######

// For ESP32 Dev board (only tested with ILI9341 display)
// The hardware SPI can be mapped to any pins

//#define TFT_MISO 19
//#define TFT_MOSI 23
//#define TFT_SCLK 18
//#define TFT_CS   15  // Chip select control pin
//#define TFT_DC    2  // Data Command control pin
//#define TFT_RST   4  // Reset pin (could connect to RST pin)
//#define TFT_RST  -1  // Set TFT_RST to -1 if display RESET is connected to ESP32 board RST

//
// The hardware SPI can be mapped to any pins

#define TFT_MOSI 23 // In some display driver board, it might be written as "SDA" and so on.
#define TFT_SCLK 18
#define TFT_CS   4  // Chip select control pin
#define TFT_DC   2  // Data Command control pin
#define TFT_RST  -1  // Reset pin (could connect to Arduino RESET pin)
#define TFT_BL   -1  // LED back-light

//#define TOUCH_CS 21     // Chip select pin (T_CS) of touch screen

//#define TFT_WR 22    // Write strobe for modified Raspberry Pi TFT only

// For the M5Stack module use these #define lines
//#define TFT_MISO 19
//#define TFT_MOSI 23
//#define TFT_SCLK 18
//#define TFT_CS   14  // Chip select control pin
//#define TFT_DC   27  // Data Command control pin
//#define TFT_RST  33  // Reset pin (could connect to Arduino RESET pin)
//#define TFT_BL   32  // LED back-light (required for M5Stack)

// ######       EDIT THE PINs BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ESP32 PARALLEL TFT SETUP        ######

// The library supports 8-bit parallel TFTs with the ESP32, the pin
// selection below is compatible with ESP32 boards in UNO format.
// Wemos D32 boards need to be modified, see diagram in Tools folder.
// Only ILI9481 and ILI9341 based displays have been tested!

// Parallel bus is only supported for the STM32 and ESP32
// Example below is for ESP32 Parallel interface with UNO displays

// Tell the library to use 8-bit parallel mode (otherwise SPI is assumed)
//#define TFT_PARALLEL_8_BIT

// The ESP32 and TFT the pins used for testing are:
//#define TFT_CS   33  // Chip select control pin (library pulls permanently low
//#define TFT_DC   15  // Data Command control pin - must use a pin in the range 0-31
//#define TFT_RST  32  // Reset pin, toggles on startup

//#define TFT_WR    4  // Write strobe control pin - must use a pin in the range 0-31
//#define TFT_RD    2  // Read strobe control pin

//#define TFT_D0   12  // Must use pins in the range 0-31 for the data bus
//#define TFT_D1   13  // so a single register write sets/clears all bits.
//#define TFT_D2   26  // Pins can be randomly assigned, this does not affect
//#define TFT_D3   25  // TFT screen update performance.
//#define TFT_D4   17
//#define TFT_D5   16
//#define TFT_D6   27
//#define TFT_D7   14

// ######       EDIT THE PINs BELOW TO SUIT YOUR STM32 SPI TFT SETUP        ######

// The TFT can be connected to SPI port 1 or 2
//#define TFT_SPI_PORT 1 // SPI port 1 maximum clock rate is 55MHz
//#define TFT_MOSI PA7
//#define TFT_MISO PA6
//#define TFT_SCLK PA5

//#define TFT_SPI_PORT 2 // SPI port 2 maximum clock rate is 27MHz
//#define TFT_MOSI PB15
//#define TFT_MISO PB14
//#define TFT_SCLK PB13

// Can use Ardiuno pin references, arbitrary allocation, TFT_eSPI controls chip select
//#define TFT_CS   D5 // Chip select control pin to TFT CS
//#define TFT_DC   D6 // Data Command control pin to TFT DC (may be labelled RS = Register Select)
//#define TFT_RST  D7 // Reset pin to TFT RST (or RESET)
// OR alternatively, we can use STM32 port reference names PXnn
//#define TFT_CS   PE11 // Nucleo-F767ZI equivalent of D5
//#define TFT_DC   PE9  // Nucleo-F767ZI equivalent of D6
//#define TFT_RST  PF13 // Nucleo-F767ZI equivalent of D7

//#define TFT_RST  -1   // Set TFT_RST to -1 if the display RESET is connected to processor reset
                        // Use an Arduino pin for initial testing as connecting to processor reset
                        // may not work (pulse too short at power up?)

// ##################################################################################
//
// Section 3. Define the fonts that are to be used here
//
// ##################################################################################

// Comment out the #defines below with // to stop that font being loaded
// The ESP8366 and ESP32 have plenty of memory so commenting out fonts is not
// normally necessary. If all fonts are loaded the extra FLASH space required is
// about 17Kbytes. To save FLASH space only enable the fonts you need!

#define LOAD_GLCD   // Font 1. Original Adafruit 8 pixel font needs ~1820 bytes in FLASH
#define LOAD_FONT2  // Font 2. Small 16 pixel high font, needs ~3534 bytes in FLASH, 96 characters
#define LOAD_FONT4  // Font 4. Medium 26 pixel high font, needs ~5848 bytes in FLASH, 96 characters
#define LOAD_FONT6  // Font 6. Large 48 pixel font, needs ~2666 bytes in FLASH, only characters 1234567890:-.apm
#define LOAD_FONT7  // Font 7. 7 segment 48 pixel font, needs ~2438 bytes in FLASH, only characters 1234567890:-.
#define LOAD_FONT8  // Font 8. Large 75 pixel font needs ~3256 bytes in FLASH, only characters 1234567890:-.
//#define LOAD_FONT8N // Font 8. Alternative to Font 8 above, slightly narrower, so 3 digits fit a 160 pixel TFT
#define LOAD_GFXFF  // FreeFonts. Include access to the 48 Adafruit_GFX free fonts FF1 to FF48 and custom fonts

// Comment out the #define below to stop the SPIFFS filing system and smooth font code being loaded
// this will save ~20kbytes of FLASH
#define SMOOTH_FONT


// ##################################################################################
//
// Section 4. Other options
//
// ##################################################################################

// For RP2040 processor and SPI displays, uncomment the following line to use the PIO interface.
//#define RP2040_PIO_SPI // Leave commented out to use standard RP2040 SPI port interface

// For RP2040 processor and 8 or 16-bit parallel displays:
// The parallel interface write cycle period is derived from a division of the CPU clock
// speed so scales with the processor clock. This means that the divider ratio may need
// to be increased when overclocking. It may also need to be adjusted dependant on the
// display controller type (ILI94341, HX8357C etc.). If RP2040_PIO_CLK_DIV is not defined
// the library will set default values which may not suit your display.
// The display controller data sheet will specify the minimum write cycle period. The
// controllers often work reliably for shorter periods, however if the period is too short
// the display may not initialise or graphics will become corrupted.
// PIO write cycle frequency = (CPU clock/(4 * RP2040_PIO_CLK_DIV))
//#define RP2040_PIO_CLK_DIV 1 // 32ns write cycle at 125MHz CPU clock
//#define RP2040_PIO_CLK_DIV 2 // 64ns write cycle at 125MHz CPU clock
//#define RP2040_PIO_CLK_DIV 3 // 96ns write cycle at 125MHz CPU clock

// For the RP2040 processor define the SPI port channel used (default 0 if undefined)
//#define TFT_SPI_PORT 1 // Set to 0 if SPI0 pins are used, or 1 if spi1 pins used

// For the STM32 processor define the SPI port channel used (default 1 if undefined)
//#define TFT_SPI_PORT 2 // Set to 1 for SPI port 1, or 2 for SPI port 2

// Define the SPI clock frequency, this affects the graphics rendering speed. Too
// fast and the TFT driver will not keep up and display corruption appears.
// With an ILI9341 display 40MHz works OK, 80MHz sometimes fails
// With a ST7735 display more than 27MHz may not work (spurious pixels and lines)
// With an ILI9163 display 27 MHz works OK.

// #define SPI_FREQUENCY   1000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY   5000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  10000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  20000000
#define SPI_FREQUENCY  27000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  40000000
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  55000000 // STM32 SPI1 only (SPI2 maximum is 27MHz)
// #define SPI_FREQUENCY  80000000

// Optional reduced SPI frequency for reading TFT
#define SPI_READ_FREQUENCY  20000000

// The XPT2046 requires a lower SPI clock rate of 2.5MHz so we define that here:
//#define SPI_TOUCH_FREQUENCY  2500000

// The ESP32 has 2 free SPI ports i.e. VSPI and HSPI, the VSPI is the default.
// If the VSPI port is in use and pins are not accessible (e.g. TTGO T-Beam)
// then uncomment the following line:
//#define USE_HSPI_PORT

// Comment out the following #define if "SPI Transactions" do not need to be
// supported. When commented out the code size will be smaller and sketches will
// run slightly faster, so leave it commented out unless you need it!

// Transaction support is needed to work with SD library but not needed with TFT_SdFat
// Transaction support is required if other SPI devices are connected.

// Transactions are automatically enabled by the library for an ESP32 (to use HAL mutex)
// so changing it here has no effect

// #define SUPPORT_TRANSACTIONS
复制代码

二、配置User_Setup_Select.h

// This header file contains a list of user setup files and defines which one the
// compiler uses when the IDE performs a Verify/Compile or Upload.
//
// Users can create configurations for different boards and TFT displays.
// This makes selecting between hardware setups easy by "uncommenting" one line.

// The advantage of this hardware configuration method is that the examples provided
// with the library should work with immediately without any other changes being
// needed. It also improves the portability of users sketches to other hardware
// configurations and compatible libraries.
//
// Create a shortcut to this file on your desktop to permit quick access for editing.
// Re-compile and upload after making and saving any changes to this file.

// Example User_Setup files are stored in the "User_Setups" folder. These can be used
// unmodified or adapted for a particular hardware configuration.

#ifndef USER_SETUP_LOADED 
//  Lets PlatformIO users define settings in
//  platformio.ini, see notes in "Tools" folder.

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//   User configuration selection lines are below    //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Only ONE line below should be uncommented to define your setup.  Add extra lines and files as needed.

//#include <User_Setup.h>           // Default setup is root library folder

//#include <User_Setups/Setup1_ILI9341.h>  // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for my ILI9341
//#include <User_Setups/Setup2_ST7735.h>   // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for my ST7735
//#include <User_Setups/Setup3_ILI9163.h>  // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for my ILI9163
//#include <User_Setups/Setup4_S6D02A1.h>  // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for my S6D02A1
//#include <User_Setups/Setup5_RPi_ILI9486.h>        // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for my stock RPi TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup6_RPi_Wr_ILI9486.h>     // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for my modified RPi TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup7_ST7735_128x128.h>     // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for my ST7735 128x128 display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup8_ILI9163_128x128.h>    // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for my ILI9163 128x128 display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup9_ST7735_Overlap.h>     // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for my ST7735
//#include <User_Setups/Setup10_RPi_touch_ILI9486.h> // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for ESP8266 and RPi TFT with touch

//#include <User_Setups/Setup11_RPi_touch_ILI9486.h> // Setup file configured for ESP32 and RPi TFT with touch
//#include <User_Setups/Setup12_M5Stack_Basic_Core.h>// Setup file for the ESP32 based M5Stack (Basic Core only)
//#include <User_Setups/Setup13_ILI9481_Parallel.h>  // Setup file for the ESP32 with parallel bus TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup14_ILI9341_Parallel.h>  // Setup file for the ESP32 with parallel bus TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup15_HX8357D.h>           // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for HX8357D
//#include <User_Setups/Setup16_ILI9488_Parallel.h>  // Setup file for the ESP32 with parallel bus TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup17_ePaper.h>            // Setup file for ESP8266 and any Waveshare ePaper display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup18_ST7789.h>            // Setup file for ESP8266 configured for ST7789

//#include <User_Setups/Setup19_RM68140_Parallel.h>         // Setup file configured for RM68140 with parallel bus

//#include <User_Setups/Setup20_ILI9488.h>           // Setup file for ESP8266 and ILI9488 SPI bus TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup21_ILI9488.h>           // Setup file for ESP32 and ILI9488 SPI bus TFT

//#include <User_Setups/Setup22_TTGO_T4.h>           // Setup file for ESP32 and TTGO T4 version 1.2
//#include <User_Setups/Setup22_TTGO_T4_v1.3.h>      // Setup file for ESP32 and TTGO T4 version 1.3
//#include <User_Setups/Setup23_TTGO_TM.h>           // Setup file for ESP32 and TTGO TM ST7789 SPI bus TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup24_ST7789.h>            // Setup file for DSTIKE/ESP32/ESP8266 configured for ST7789 240 x 240
//#include <User_Setups/Setup25_TTGO_T_Display.h>    // Setup file for ESP32 and TTGO T-Display ST7789V SPI bus TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup26_TTGO_T_Wristband.h>  // Setup file for ESP32 and TTGO T-Wristband ST7735 SPI bus TFT

//#include <User_Setups/Setup27_RPi_ST7796_ESP32.h>    // ESP32   RPi MHS-4.0 inch Display-B
//#include <User_Setups/Setup28_RPi_ST7796_ESP8266.h>  // ESP8266 RPi MHS-4.0 inch Display-B

//#include <User_Setups/Setup29_ILI9341_STM32.h>          // Setup for Nucleo board
//#include <User_Setups/Setup30_ILI9341_Parallel_STM32.h> // Setup for Nucleo board and parallel display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup31_ST7796_Parallel_STM32.h>  // Setup for Nucleo board and parallel display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup32_ILI9341_STM32F103.h>      // Setup for "Blue/Black Pill"

//#include <User_Setups/Setup33_RPi_ILI9486_STM32.h>      // Setup for Nucleo board

//#include <User_Setups/Setup34_ILI9481_Parallel_STM32.h> // Setup for Nucleo board and parallel display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup35_ILI9341_STM32_Port_Bus.h> // Setup for STM32 port A parallel display

//#include <User_Setups/Setup36_RPi_touch_ST7796.h>      // Setup file configured for ESP32 and RPi ST7796 TFT with touch

//#include <User_Setups/Setup42_ILI9341_ESP32.h>           // Setup file for ESP32 and SPI ILI9341 240x320
//#include <User_Setups/Setup43_ST7735.h>            // Setup file for ESP8266 & ESP32 configured for my ST7735S 80x160
//#include <User_Setups/Setup44_TTGO_CameraPlus.h>   // Setup file for ESP32 and TTGO T-CameraPlus ST7789 SPI bus TFT    240x240
//#include <User_Setups/Setup45_TTGO_T_Watch.h>      // Setup file for ESP32 and TTGO T-Watch ST7789 SPI bus TFT  240x240

//#include <User_Setups/Setup47_ST7735.h>            // Setup file for ESP32 configured for ST7735 128 x 128 animated eyes

//#include <User_Setups/Setup50_SSD1963_Parallel.h>  // Setup file for ESP32 and SSD1963 TFT display

//#include <User_Setups/Setup51_LilyPi_ILI9481.h>    // Setup file for LilyGo LilyPi with ILI9481 display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup52_LilyPi_ST7796.h>     // Setup file for LilyGo LilyPi with ST7796 display

//#include <User_Setups/Setup60_RP2040_ILI9341.h>              // Setup file for RP2040 with SPI ILI9341
//#include <User_Setups/Setup61_RP2040_ILI9341_PIO_SPI.h>      // Setup file for RP2040 with PIO SPI ILI9341
//#include <User_Setups/Setup62_RP2040_Nano_Connect_ILI9341.h> // Setup file for RP2040 with SPI ILI9341

//#include <User_Setups/Setup70_ESP32_S2_ILI9341.h>     // Setup file for ESP32 S2 with SPI ILI9341
//#include <User_Setups/Setup70b_ESP32_S3_ILI9341.h>    // Setup file for ESP32 S3 with SPI ILI9341
//#include <User_Setups/Setup70c_ESP32_C3_ILI9341.h>    // Setup file for ESP32 C3 with SPI ILI9341
//#include <User_Setups/Setup70d_ILI9488_S3_Parallel.h> // Setup file for ESP32 S3 with SPI ILI9488

//#include <User_Setups/Setup71_ESP32_S2_ST7789.h>       // Setup file for ESP32 S2 with ST7789
//#include <User_Setups/Setup72_ESP32_ST7789_172x320.h>  // Setup file for ESP32 with ST7789 1.47" 172x320

//#include <User_Setups/Setup100_RP2040_ILI9488_parallel.h> // Setup file for Pico/RP2040 with 8-bit parallel ILI9488
//#include <User_Setups/Setup101_RP2040_ILI9481_parallel.h> // Setup file for Pico/RP2040 with 8-bit parallel ILI9481
//#include <User_Setups/Setup102_RP2040_ILI9341_parallel.h> // Setup file for Pico/RP2040 with 8-bit parallel ILI9341
//#include <User_Setups/Setup103_RP2040_ILI9486_parallel.h> // Setup file for Pico/RP2040 with 8-bit parallel ILI9486
//#include <User_Setups/Setup104_RP2040_ST7796_parallel.h>  // Setup file for Pico/RP2040 with 8-bit parallel ST7796

//#include <User_Setups/Setup105_RP2040_ST7796_16bit_parallel.h>  // Setup file for RP2040 16-bit parallel display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup106_RP2040_ILI9481_16bit_parallel.h> // Setup file for RP2040 16-bit parallel display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup107_RP2040_ILI9341_16bit_parallel.h> // Setup file for RP2040 16-bit parallel display
//#include <User_Setups/Setup108_RP2040_ST7735.h> // Setup file for Waveshare RP2040 board with onboard ST7735 0.96" 160x80 display

//#include <User_Setups/Setup135_ST7789.h>           // Setup file for ESP8266 and ST7789 135 x 240 TFT

//#include <User_Setups/Setup136_LilyGo_TTV.h>       // Setup file for ESP32 and Lilygo TTV ST7789 SPI bus TFT  135x240
//#include <User_Setups/Setup137_LilyGo_TDisplay_RP2040.h>  // Setup file for Lilygo T-Display RP2040 (ST7789 on SPI bus with 135x240 TFT)

//#include <User_Setups/Setup138_Pico_Explorer_Base_RP2040_ST7789.h> // Setup file for Pico Explorer Base by Pimoroni for RP2040 (ST7789 on SPI bus with 240x240 TFT)

//#include <User_Setups/Setup201_WT32_SC01.h>        // Setup file for ESP32 based WT32_SC01 from Seeed

//#include <User_Setups/Setup202_SSD1351_128.h>      // Setup file for ESP32/ESP8266 based SSD1351 128x128 1.5inch OLED display

//#include <User_Setups/Setup203_ST7789.h>     // Setup file for ESP32/ESP8266 based ST7789 240X280 1.69inch TFT 

//#include <User_Setups/Setup204_ESP32_TouchDown.h>     // Setup file for the ESP32 TouchDown based on ILI9488 480 x 320 TFT 

//#include <User_Setups/Setup205_ESP32_TouchDown_S3.h>     // Setup file for the ESP32 TouchDown S3 based on ILI9488 480 x 320 TFT 

//#include <User_Setups/Setup206_LilyGo_T_Display_S3.h>     // For the LilyGo T-Display S3 based ESP32S3 with ST7789 170 x 320 TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup207_LilyGo_T_HMI.h>            // For the LilyGo T-HMI S3 based ESP32S3 with ST7789 240 x 320 TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup209_LilyGo_T_Dongle_S3.h>      // For the LilyGo T-Dongle S3 based ESP32 with ST7735 80 x 160 TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup210_LilyGo_T_Embed_S3.h>         // For the LilyGo T-Embed S3 based ESP32S3 with ST7789 170 x 320 TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Setup211_LilyGo_T_QT_Pro_S3.h>         // For the LilyGo T-QT Pro S3 based ESP32S3 with GC9A01 128 x 128 TFT
// #include <User_Setups/Setup212_LilyGo_T_PicoPro.h>         // For the LilyGo T-PICO-Pro with ST7796 222 x 480 TFT
// #include <User_Setups/Setup213_LilyGo_T_Beam_Shield.h>         // For the LilyGo T-BEAM V1.x with ST7796 222 x 480 TFT

//#include <User_Setups/Setup250_ESP32_S3_Box_Lite.h>      // For the ESP32 S3 Box Lite
//#include <User_Setups/Setup251_ESP32_S3_Box.h>            // For the ESP32 S3 Box

//#include <User_Setups/Setup301_BW16_ST7735.h>            // Setup file for Bw16-based boards with ST7735 160 x 80 TFT

//#include <User_Setups/SetupX_Template.h>     // Template file for a setup

//#include <User_Setups/Dustin_ILI9488.h>          // Setup file for Dustin Watts PCB with ILI9488
//#include <User_Setups/Dustin_ST7796.h>           // Setup file for Dustin Watts PCB with ST7796
//#include <User_Setups/Dustin_ILI9488_Pico.h>     // Setup file for Dustin Watts Pico PCB with ST7796
//#include <User_Setups/Dustin_ST7789_Pico.h>      // Setup file for Dustin Watts PCB with ST7789 240 x 240 on 3.3V adapter board


//#include <User_Setups/Setup200_GC9A01.h>           // Setup file for ESP32 and GC9A01 240 x 240 TFT
#include <User_Setups/Setup46_GC9A01_ESP32.h>      // Setup file for ESP32 and GC9A01 SPI bus TFT  240x240
//#include <User_Setups/Dustin_GC9A01_ESP32.h>     // Setup file for Dustin Watts PCB with GC9A01 240 x 240 on 3.3V adapter board
//#include <User_Setups/Setup302_Waveshare_ESP32S3_GC9A01.h>        // Setup file for Waveshare ESP32-S3-Touch-LCD-1.28 board with GC9A01 240*240 TFT
//#include <User_Setups/Dustin_GC9A01_Pico.h>      // Setup file for Dustin Watts PCB with GC9A01 240 x 240 on 3.3V adapter board
//#include <User_Setups/Setup66_Seeed_XIAO_Round.h>     // Setup file for Seeed XIAO with GC9A01 240x240


//#include <User_Setups/Dustin_STT7789_ESP32.h>    // Setup file for Dustin Watts PCB with ST7789 240 x 240 on 3.3V adapter board
//#include <User_Setups/Dustin_ILI9341_ESP32.h>    // Setup file for Dustin Watts PCB with ILI9341
//#include <User_Setups/ILI9225.h>

#endif // USER_SETUP_LOADED




/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//                                                                                 //
//     DON'T TINKER WITH ANY OF THE FOLLOWING LINES, THESE ADD THE TFT DRIVERS     //
//       AND ESP8266 PIN DEFINITONS, THEY ARE HERE FOR BODMER'S CONVENIENCE!       //
//                                                                                 //
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////


// Identical looking TFT displays may have a different colour ordering in the 16-bit colour
#define TFT_BGR 0   // Colour order Blue-Green-Red
#define TFT_RGB 1   // Colour order Red-Green-Blue

// Legacy setup support, RPI_DISPLAY_TYPE replaces RPI_DRIVER
#if defined (RPI_DRIVER)
  #if !defined (RPI_DISPLAY_TYPE)
    #define RPI_DISPLAY_TYPE
  #endif
#endif

// Legacy setup support, RPI_ILI9486_DRIVER form is deprecated
// Instead define RPI_DISPLAY_TYPE and also define driver (e.g. ILI9486_DRIVER) 
#if defined (RPI_ILI9486_DRIVER)
  #if !defined (ILI9486_DRIVER)
    #define ILI9486_DRIVER
  #endif
  #if !defined (RPI_DISPLAY_TYPE)
    #define RPI_DISPLAY_TYPE
  #endif
#endif

// Invoke 18-bit colour for selected displays
#if !defined (RPI_DISPLAY_TYPE) && !defined (TFT_PARALLEL_8_BIT) && !defined (TFT_PARALLEL_16_BIT) && !defined (ESP32_PARALLEL)
  #if defined (ILI9481_DRIVER) || defined (ILI9486_DRIVER) || defined (ILI9488_DRIVER)
    #define SPI_18BIT_DRIVER
  #endif
#endif

// Load the right driver definition - do not tinker here !
#if   defined (ILI9341_DRIVER) || defined(ILI9341_2_DRIVER) || defined (ILI9342_DRIVER)
     #include <TFT_Drivers/ILI9341_Defines.h>
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x9341
#elif defined (ST7735_DRIVER)
     #include <TFT_Drivers/ST7735_Defines.h>
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x7735
#elif defined (ILI9163_DRIVER)
     #include <TFT_Drivers/ILI9163_Defines.h>
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x9163
#elif defined (S6D02A1_DRIVER)
     #include <TFT_Drivers/S6D02A1_Defines.h>
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x6D02
#elif defined (ST7796_DRIVER)
      #include "TFT_Drivers/ST7796_Defines.h"
      #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x7796
#elif defined (ILI9486_DRIVER)
     #include <TFT_Drivers/ILI9486_Defines.h>
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x9486
#elif defined (ILI9481_DRIVER)
     #include <TFT_Drivers/ILI9481_Defines.h>
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x9481
#elif defined (ILI9488_DRIVER)
     #include <TFT_Drivers/ILI9488_Defines.h>
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x9488
#elif defined (HX8357D_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/HX8357D_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x8357
#elif defined (EPD_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/EPD_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0xE9D
#elif defined (ST7789_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/ST7789_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x7789
#elif defined (R61581_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/R61581_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x6158
#elif defined (ST7789_2_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/ST7789_2_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x778B
#elif defined (RM68140_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/RM68140_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x6814
#elif defined (SSD1351_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/SSD1351_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x1351
#elif defined (SSD1963_480_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/SSD1963_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x1963
#elif defined (SSD1963_800_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/SSD1963_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x1963
#elif defined (SSD1963_800ALT_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/SSD1963_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x1963
#elif defined (SSD1963_800BD_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/SSD1963_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x1963
#elif defined (GC9A01_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/GC9A01_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x9A01
#elif defined (ILI9225_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/ILI9225_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x9225
#elif defined (RM68120_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/RM68120_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x6812
#elif defined (HX8357B_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/HX8357B_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x835B
#elif defined (HX8357C_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/HX8357C_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x835C

 // <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< ADD NEW DRIVER HERE
 // XYZZY_init.h and XYZZY_rotation.h must also be added in TFT_eSPI.cpp
#elif defined (XYZZY_DRIVER)
     #include "TFT_Drivers/XYZZY_Defines.h"
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x0000
#else
     #define  TFT_DRIVER 0x0000
#endif

// These are the pins for ESP8266 boards
//      Name   GPIO    NodeMCU      Function
#define PIN_D0  16  // GPIO16       WAKE
#define PIN_D1   5  // GPIO5        User purpose
#define PIN_D2   4  // GPIO4        User purpose
#define PIN_D3   0  // GPIO0        Low on boot means enter FLASH mode
#define PIN_D4   2  // GPIO2        TXD1 (must be high on boot to go to UART0 FLASH mode)
#define PIN_D5  14  // GPIO14       HSCLK
#define PIN_D6  12  // GPIO12       HMISO
#define PIN_D7  13  // GPIO13       HMOSI  RXD2
#define PIN_D8  15  // GPIO15       HCS    TXD0 (must be low on boot to enter UART0 FLASH mode)
#define PIN_D9   3  //              RXD0
#define PIN_D10  1  //              TXD0

#define PIN_MOSI 8  // SD1          FLASH and overlap mode
#define PIN_MISO 7  // SD0
#define PIN_SCLK 6  // CLK
#define PIN_HWCS 0  // D3

#define PIN_D11  9  // SD2
#define PIN_D12 10  // SD4
复制代码

三、打开User_Setups文件夹，配置Setup46_GC9A01_ESP32.h

//Setup46_GC9A01_ESP32.h

// See SetupX_Template.h for all options available
#define USER_SETUP_ID 46

#define GC9A01_DRIVER

#define TFT_MISO -1
#define TFT_MOSI 23
#define TFT_SCLK 18
#define TFT_CS    4  // Chip select control pin
#define TFT_DC    2  // Data Command control pin
//#define TFT_RST   4  // Reset pin (could connect to RST pin)
#define TFT_RST  -1  // Set TFT_RST to -1 if display RESET is connected to ESP32 board RST

#define LOAD_GLCD   // Font 1. Original Adafruit 8 pixel font needs ~1820 bytes in FLASH
#define LOAD_FONT2  // Font 2. Small 16 pixel high font, needs ~3534 bytes in FLASH, 96 characters
#define LOAD_FONT4  // Font 4. Medium 26 pixel high font, needs ~5848 bytes in FLASH, 96 characters
#define LOAD_FONT6  // Font 6. Large 48 pixel font, needs ~2666 bytes in FLASH, only characters 1234567890:-.apm
#define LOAD_FONT7  // Font 7. 7 segment 48 pixel font, needs ~2438 bytes in FLASH, only characters 1234567890:.
#define LOAD_FONT8  // Font 8. Large 75 pixel font needs ~3256 bytes in FLASH, only characters 1234567890:-.
#define LOAD_GFXFF  // FreeFonts. Include access to the 48 Adafruit_GFX free fonts FF1 to FF48 and custom fonts
#define SMOOTH_FONT

#define SPI_FREQUENCY 27000000

#define SPI_READ_FREQUENCY  20000000

//#define SPI_TOUCH_FREQUENCY  2500000

// #define SUPPORT_TRANSACTIONS
复制代码

四、测试点亮GC9A01屏幕

  【Arduino】189种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
  实验二百四十九：1.28寸圆形彩色TFT显示屏 高清IPS 模块 240*240 SPI接口GC9A01驱动
  项目之一百零二：GC9A01园屏之测试点亮屏幕

实验开源代码

/*
  【Arduino】189种传感器模块系列实验（资料代码+仿真编程+图形编程）
  实验二百四十九：1.28寸圆形彩色TFT显示屏 高清IPS 模块 240*240 SPI接口GC9A01驱动
  项目之一百零二：GC9A01园屏之测试点亮屏幕
*/

//       GC9A01---------- ESP32
//       RST ------------ NC（复位引脚，此处未连接）
//       CS ------------- D4（片选引脚，连接到ESP32的D4引脚）
//       DC ------------- D2（数据/命令选择引脚，连接到ESP32的D2引脚）
//       SDA ------------ D23 (green)（主数据输出引脚，连接到ESP32的D23引脚，绿色线）
//       SCL ------------ D18 (yellow)（时钟信号引脚，连接到ESP32的D18引脚，黄色线）
//       GND ------------ GND（接地引脚，连接到ESP32的接地端）
//       VCC -------------3V3（电源引脚，连接到ESP32的3.3V电源）

#include <TFT_eSPI.h>
// 初始化TFT对象
TFT_eSPI tft = TFT_eSPI();
void setup() {
  // 初始化串口通信
  Serial.begin(115200);
  // 初始化TFT屏幕
  tft.init();
  // 设置屏幕旋转方向
  tft.setRotation(2);
  // 填充屏幕背景颜色为黑色
  tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLACK);
}
void loop() {
  // 设置文本颜色为白色
  tft.setTextColor(TFT_WHITE);
  // 设置文本大小
  tft.setTextSize(2);
  // 在屏幕上显示文本
  tft.setCursor(40, 90);
  tft.println("Hello, GC9A01!");
  tft.setCursor(30, 120);
  tft.println("TFT_eSPI-2.5.43");
  // 延时一段时间
  delay(2000);
}    
复制代码

这段代码的核心功能是 使用 TFT_eSPI 库初始化 GC9A01 显示屏，并在屏幕上显示 “Hello, GC9A01!” 的文本。


代码结构1️⃣ 初始化屏幕

• tft.init(); 初始化 TFT 屏幕，使其准备好显示内容。
  
• tft.setRotation(2); 设置屏幕旋转方向。
  
  

2️⃣ 清屏 & 颜色设置

• tft.fillScreen(TFT_BLACK); 设定黑色背景。
  
• tft.setTextColor(TFT_WHITE); 设置文字颜色为白色。
  
  

3️⃣ 显示文本

• tft.setCursor(40, 90); 设置文本的起始位置。
  
• tft.println("Hello, GC9A01!"); 在屏幕上显示字符串。
  
  

4️⃣ 循环刷新

• delay(2000); 使屏幕每 2 秒重新显示文本，让动画具有节奏感。
  
  

最终效果
屏幕上显示 “Hello, GC9A01!” 以及 TFT_eSPI 版本信息
文本自动刷新，每 2 秒重新出现
黑底白字，提高文本对比度，确保清晰显示

实验场景图