【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之叠羊罗汉
Kitronik ARCADE 是一款由英国教育科技公司 Kitronik 精心打造的可编程游戏机开发板，专为编程教学与创客实践而设计。该设备原生支持微软的 MakeCode Arcade 平台，用户可通过图形化或 JavaScript 编程方式，轻松创建、下载并运行复古风格的街机游戏。它集成了彩色 LCD 显示屏、方向控制键、功能按键、蜂鸣器和震动马达等交互组件，提供完整的游戏输入输出体验。无论是初学者进行编程启蒙，还是创客群体开发交互式作品，Kitronik ARCADE 都能作为理想的硬件载体，助力创意实现。
凭借其开源友好、易于上手、兼容性强等特点，该开发板广泛应用于中小学编程课程、创客工作坊、游戏开发教学以及个人项目原型设计，深受教育者与技术爱好者的喜爱。
【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之叠羊罗汉
作为学习、练习与尝试，这里创建一个叠羊罗汉的小游戏。打开网页版：https://arcade.makecode.com/，设置项目名称：叠羊罗汉
MicroPython实验代码
@namespace
class SpriteKind:
Mountain = SpriteKind.create()
Goat = SpriteKind.create()
def drop_goat():
moving_goat.ay = 300
moving_goat.vx = 0
moving_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.BOUNCE_ON_WALL, False)
def on_a_pressed():
drop_goat()
controller.A.on_event(ControllerButtonEvent.PRESSED, on_a_pressed)
# calculate new center of gravity
def will_the_stack_fall_down_():
global mountain_goats, center_of_gravity
mountain_goats = sprites.all_of_kind(SpriteKind.Mountain)
center_of_gravity = 0
for value in mountain_goats:
center_of_gravity += value.x
if center_of_gravity / len(mountain_goats) < bottom_goat.left or center_of_gravity / len(mountain_goats) > bottom_goat.right:
return True
return False
def will_the_goat_fall_off(falling_goat: Sprite, mountain_goat: Sprite):
if falling_goat.x > mountain_goat.right:
falling_goat.set_velocity(50, -50)
falling_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.GHOST, True)
falling_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.AUTO_DESTROY, True)
info.change_life_by(-1)
return True
elif falling_goat.x < mountain_goat.left:
falling_goat.set_velocity(-50, 50)
falling_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.GHOST, True)
falling_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.AUTO_DESTROY, True)
info.change_life_by(-1)
return True
else:
return False
def on_hit_wall(sprite, location):
if sprite.is_hitting_tile(CollisionDirection.BOTTOM):
game.over(False)
scene.on_hit_wall(SpriteKind.Goat, on_hit_wall)
def explode_goats():
global current_goat
current_goat = bottom_goat
while current_goat:
current_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.GHOST, True)
current_goat.set_velocity(randint(-200, 200), randint(-200, 200))
current_goat = sprites.read_data_sprite(current_goat, "goat on top of me")
scene.camera_follow_sprite(None)
def on_on_overlap(sprite2, otherSprite):
global goat_fell_off, top_goat
sprite2.vy = 0
sprite2.ay = 0
sprite2.set_kind(SpriteKind.Mountain)
goat_fell_off = will_the_goat_fall_off(sprite2, otherSprite)
if goat_fell_off:
sprite2.start_effect(effects.fire)
elif will_the_stack_fall_down_():
sprites.set_data_sprite(otherSprite, "goat on top of me", sprite2)
explode_goats()
pause(1000)
game.over(False)
else:
top_goat = sprite2
scene.camera_follow_sprite(sprite2)
sprites.set_data_sprite(otherSprite, "goat on top of me", sprite2)
make_a_new_goat()
sprites.on_overlap(SpriteKind.Goat, SpriteKind.Mountain, on_on_overlap)
def make_a_new_goat():
global moving_goat
moving_goat = sprites.create(goat_species,
SpriteKind.Goat)
moving_goat.set_position(80, top_goat.y - 30)
moving_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.BOUNCE_ON_WALL, True)
moving_goat.vx = 40
goat_fell_off = False
current_goat: Sprite = None
center_of_gravity = 0
mountain_goats: List = []
moving_goat: Sprite = None
bottom_goat: Sprite = None
top_goat: Sprite = None
goat_species: List = []
goat_species = [img("""
. . . . . . . . . . . . f e e .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . e e .
. . . . . . . . . . . . d c d c
. . . . . . . . . . . . d d d d
e d d d d d d d d d d d d a d d
. d d d d d d d d d d d d d a a
. d d d d d d d d d d d d . . .
. d d d d d d d d d d d d . . .
. . d d d d d d d d d d . . . .
. . . d . d . . d . d . . . . .
. . . d . d . . d . d . . . . .
. . . e . e . . e . e . . . . .
"""),
img("""
. . . . f f . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . d f f d f . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 1 4 4 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4 4 4 4 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4 4 4 4 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 . .
. 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
. . 2 . . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 .
. . . . . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 .
. . . . . 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
. . . . . 4 . 4 . . . . . 2 . 4 . . .
. . . . . 4 . 4 . . . . . 2 . 4 . . .
. . . . . 4 . 4 . . . . . 2 . 4 . . .
"""),
img("""
. . . . . . . . b b d . . d d b . . .
. . . . . . . . b b b b b b b b . . .
. . . . . . . . . b b d b b d . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . b b b b b c . . .
. b . . . . . . . b b b b b b b . . .
. b . . . . b b b b b b b b b b . . .
. c b b b b b b b b b b . . . . . . .
. c b b b b b b b b b b . . . . . . .
. . c b b b b b b b b b . . . . . . .
. . c c b b b b b b b c . . . . . . .
. . c c c c c c c c c c . . . . . . .
. . c . b . . . c c c c . . . . . . .
. . c . b . . . . b . c . . . . . . .
. . c . b . . . . b . c . . . . . . .
"""),
img("""
. . . . . . . . . . . . e . . e . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . e e e e e e . .
. . . . . . . . . . e e e e e e e e .
. . . . . . . . . e e e e c c c e e e
. . . . . . . . . . . . c c b c . . .
. . . c c c c c c c c c c f b f c . .
. . c c b b b b b b b b b f b f . . .
. . c b b b c c c b b b b b b c . . .
. c c b b c b b b b b b f b b c . . .
c c b b c b b b b b b b b f f f . . .
c b b b b b b b b b b b c c c . . . .
c c c c c c c c c c c c c . . . . . .
. . . . c . c . . . c . c . . . . . .
. . . . c . c . . . c . c . . . . . .
"""),
img("""
. . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 1 c c c . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 1 1 1 1 c c . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 1 f 1 c 1 c c . . . . . . . . . 1
1 1 1 c 1 1 c c 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 c c c c 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
. . . 1 c c 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
. . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
. . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
. . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
. . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .
. . . . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . 1 . 1 .
. . . . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . 1 . 1 .
. . . . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . 1 . 1 .
. . . . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . 1 . 1 .
. . . . c . c . . . . . . . c . c .
"""),
img("""
.........................
ff.............ff...ff...
.ff............ffffff....
..ff............ff2f2ffff
...f............fffffffff
...f............ffffff...
...ff2f2ffffffffffffff...
....f2f22fffffffff.......
....f2ff2fffffffff.......
....ff22ffffffffff.......
....ffffffffffffff.......
....fffffffff222ff.......
....ffffffff2ff2ff.......
....ffffffff22f2ff.......
....fffffffff222f........
.....f...f...f..f........
.....f...f...f..f........
.....f...f...f..f........
""")]
scene.set_background_color(9)
tiles.set_tilemap(tilemap("""
级别1
"""))
goat = sprites.create(img("""
. . . . f f . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . d f f d f . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 1 4 4 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4 4 4 4 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4 4 4 4 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 . .
. 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
. . 2 . . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 .
. . . . . 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 .
. . . . . 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 . .
. . . . . 4 . 4 . . . . . 2 . 4 . . .
. . . . . 4 . 4 . . . . . 2 . 4 . . .
. . . . . 4 . 4 . . . . . 2 . 4 . . .
"""),
SpriteKind.Mountain)
goat.ay = 300
goat.set_position(80, 600)
scene.camera_follow_sprite(goat)
top_goat = goat
make_a_new_goat()
how_much_does_a_goat_weigh = 22
info.set_life(3)
bottom_goat = goat
【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之叠羊罗汉
ARCADE MakeCode 之叠羊罗汉游戏代码解读这是一个基于ARCADE MakeCode的"叠羊罗汉"平衡游戏，玩家需要控制山羊叠放在一起而不倒塌。解读代码如下：
1. 自定义精灵类型
python
@namespace
class SpriteKind:
Mountain = SpriteKind.create()# 已经落下的山羊
Goat = SpriteKind.create() # 正在移动的山羊
2. 放下山羊函数
python
def drop_goat():
moving_goat.ay = 300 # 启用重力
moving_goat.vx = 0 # 停止水平移动
moving_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.BOUNCE_ON_WALL, False)# 关闭墙壁反弹
def on_a_pressed():
drop_goat()# A键按下时放下当前山羊
controller.A.on_event(ControllerButtonEvent.PRESSED, on_a_pressed)
3. 平衡检测函数
检查整个堆栈是否会倒塌
python
def will_the_stack_fall_down_():
global mountain_goats, center_of_gravity
mountain_goats = sprites.all_of_kind(SpriteKind.Mountain)# 获取所有已落下的山羊
center_of_gravity = 0
for value in mountain_goats:
center_of_gravity += value.x# 计算所有山羊的x坐标总和
# 如果重心超出底部山羊的左右边界，则堆栈会倒塌
if center_of_gravity / len(mountain_goats) < bottom_goat.left or center_of_gravity / len(mountain_goats) > bottom_goat.right:
return True
return False
检查单个山羊是否会掉落
python
def will_the_goat_fall_off(falling_goat: Sprite, mountain_goat: Sprite):
if falling_goat.x > mountain_goat.right:# 山羊超出右侧边界
falling_goat.set_velocity(50, -50) # 设置掉落速度和方向
falling_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.GHOST, True) # 变为幽灵状态（可穿透）
falling_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.AUTO_DESTROY, True)# 自动销毁
info.change_life_by(-1) # 减少生命值
return True
elif falling_goat.x < mountain_goat.left:# 山羊超出左侧边界
falling_goat.set_velocity(-50, 50) # 设置掉落速度和方向
falling_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.GHOST, True)
falling_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.AUTO_DESTROY, True)
info.change_life_by(-1)
return True
else:
return False# 山羊安全落在平台上
4. 碰撞检测
python
def on_hit_wall(sprite, location):
if sprite.is_hitting_tile(CollisionDirection.BOTTOM):# 如果山羊碰到底部墙壁
game.over(False)# 游戏结束
scene.on_hit_wall(SpriteKind.Goat, on_hit_wall)
5. 山羊堆栈**效果
python
def explode_goats():
global current_goat
current_goat = bottom_goat# 从底部山羊开始
while current_goat:
current_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.GHOST, True)# 变为幽灵状态
# 设置随机速度，产生**效果
current_goat.set_velocity(randint(-200, 200), randint(-200, 200))
# 获取堆叠在上面的山羊
current_goat = sprites.read_data_sprite(current_goat, "goat on top of me")
scene.camera_follow_sprite(None)# 取消相机跟随
6. 山羊重叠事件处理（核心逻辑）
python
def on_on_overlap(sprite2, otherSprite):
global goat_fell_off, top_goat
sprite2.vy = 0 # 停止垂直移动
sprite2.ay = 0 # 取消重力
sprite2.set_kind(SpriteKind.Mountain)# 变为已落下的山羊
# 检查山羊是否会掉落
goat_fell_off = will_the_goat_fall_off(sprite2, otherSprite)
if goat_fell_off:
sprite2.start_effect(effects.fire)# 播放火焰效果
elif will_the_stack_fall_down_():# 检查整个堆栈是否会倒塌
# 记录山羊堆叠关系
sprites.set_data_sprite(otherSprite, "goat on top of me", sprite2)
explode_goats()# **效果
pause(1000)
game.over(False)# 游戏结束
else:
top_goat = sprite2# 更新顶部山羊
scene.camera_follow_sprite(sprite2)# 相机跟随新顶部山羊
# 记录山羊堆叠关系
sprites.set_data_sprite(otherSprite, "goat on top of me", sprite2)
make_a_new_goat()# 创建新的山羊
sprites.on_overlap(SpriteKind.Goat, SpriteKind.Mountain, on_on_overlap)
7. 创建新山羊函数
python
def make_a_new_goat():
global moving_goat
# 随机选择山羊种类
moving_goat = sprites.create(goat_species,
SpriteKind.Goat)
moving_goat.set_position(80, top_goat.y - 30)# 放在顶部山羊上方
moving_goat.set_flag(SpriteFlag.BOUNCE_ON_WALL, True)# 开启墙壁反弹
moving_goat.vx = 40# 设置水平移动速度
8. 山羊种类定义
代码中定义了6种不同样式的山羊图像，增加了游戏的多样性。
9. 游戏初始化
python
scene.set_background_color(9)# 设置背景颜色
tiles.set_tilemap(tilemap("级别1"))# 设置地图
# 创建初始山羊
goat = sprites.create(..., SpriteKind.Mountain)
goat.ay = 300# 启用重力
goat.set_position(80, 600)# 设置位置
scene.camera_follow_sprite(goat)# 相机跟随
top_goat = goat# 设置顶部山羊
make_a_new_goat()# 创建新山羊
how_much_does_a_goat_weigh = 22# 山羊重量（可能用于后续扩展）
info.set_life(3)# 设置初始生命值
bottom_goat = goat# 设置底部山羊
游戏机制总结
控制方式：山羊左右移动，按A键放下
平衡系统：计算堆栈重心，如果超出底部山羊边界则倒塌
生命系统：山羊掉落减少生命值，生命值为0时游戏结束
堆叠关系：使用数据存储记录山羊之间的堆叠关系
视觉效果：掉落的山羊有火焰效果，倒塌时有**效果
相机跟随：相机始终跟随最顶部的山羊
这是一个有趣的物理平衡游戏，玩家需要精确控制放下山羊的时机和位置，以保持堆栈的平衡。游戏通过重心计算和物理效果实现了真实的堆叠体验。
【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之叠羊罗汉
图形编程参考实验程序【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之叠羊罗汉
通过模拟器，调试与模拟运行实验场景记录
【花雕动手做】基于 Kitronik 可编程开发板之叠羊罗汉
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