Linux下简单的TCP服务器,在Linux下创建一个简单的TCP服务.
在Linux下创建一个简单的TCP服务器，我们可以使用C语言和基本的socket编程。以下是一个简单的TCP服务器程序，它监听指定端口，接受客户端连接，然后接收客户端发来的数据并原样发回（echo server）。
步骤：1. 创建socket2. 绑定socket到地址和端口3. 监听连接4. 接受连接5. 读写数据6. 关闭连接
注意：这个例子没有考虑多客户端并发，一次只能处理一个客户端。
我们将编写一个回显服务器，它会在8888端口上监听。
代码示例：*/
#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define PORT 8888#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {int server_fd, new_socket;struct sockaddr_in address;int opt = 1;int addrlen = sizeof(address);char buffer = {0};
// 1. 创建socket文件描述符if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {perror("socket failed");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}
// 设置socket选项，允许地址和端口重用if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {perror("setsockopt");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}
address.sin_family = AF_INET;address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // 接受任意IP的连接address.sin_port = htons(PORT); // 端口转换为网络字节序
// 2. 绑定socket到地址和端口if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {perror("bind failed");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}
// 3. 监听连接，设置最大等待连接数为3if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {perror("listen");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}
printf("Server is listening on port %d...\n", PORT);
// 4. 接受连接if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {perror("accept");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}
// 打印客户端IP地址char client_ip;inet_ntop(AF_INET, &address.sin_addr, client_ip, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);printf("Connection accepted from %s:%d\n", client_ip, ntohs(address.sin_port));
// 5. 读写数据while (1) {memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE); // 清空缓冲区ssize_t bytes_read = read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE - 1); // 读取数据if (bytes_read <= 0) {// 客户端断开连接或出错perror("read error or client disconnected");break;}printf("Received: %s", buffer);
// 将收到的数据原样发回send(new_socket, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);printf("Echoed back: %s", buffer);}
// 6. 关闭连接close(new_socket);close(server_fd);
return 0;}
/*编译：gcc server.c -o server运行：./server
注意：- 这个服务器是单线程的，一次只能处理一个客户端连接。要处理多个客户端，可以使用多进程、多线程或I/O多路复用（如select, poll, epoll）。- 实际应用中需要更完善的错误处理和资源管理。
测试：可以使用telnet或nc（netcat）工具来测试这个服务器。例如：在另一个终端执行 `nc localhost 8888`，然后输入一些文本，服务器会将文本回显。*/
在Linux下创建一个简单的TCP服务器，可以使用C语言和标准Socket API实现。以下是一个基础示例，该服务器监听指定端口，接收客户端连接，并将收到的消息原样返回（回显服务器）：代码示例：tcp_echo_server.cc
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#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#define PORT 8080#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024int main() { int server_fd, new_socket; struct sockaddr_in address; int addrlen = sizeof(address); char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE = {0}; // 1. 创建TCP Socket if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) { perror("socket failed"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 2. 配置服务器地址 address.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPv4 address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;// 监听所有网卡 address.sin_port = htons(PORT); // 端口转换字节序 // 3. 绑定Socket到端口 if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) { perror("bind failed"); close(server_fd); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 4. 开始监听（最大队列长度=3） if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) { perror("listen"); close(server_fd); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } printf("Server listening on port %d\n", PORT); // 5. 接受客户端连接 if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) { perror("accept"); close(server_fd); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } // 打印客户端IP char client_ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN; inet_ntop(AF_INET, &address.sin_addr, client_ip, INET_ADDRSTRLEN); printf("Client connected: %s\n", client_ip); // 6. 处理数据（回显循环） while (1) { memset(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE); ssize_t bytes_read = read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE); if (bytes_read <= 0) {// 客户端断开或错误 printf("Client disconnected\n"); break; } printf("Received: %s", buffer); send(new_socket, buffer, bytes_read, 0);// 原样发回 } // 7. 清理资源 close(new_socket); close(server_fd); return 0;}
编译与运行
[*]保存代码：将代码保存为 tcp_echo_server.c
[*]编译：bash
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gcc tcp_echo_server.c -o server
[*]运行服务器：bash
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./server
测试服务器使用 netcat (nc) 工具连接服务器：bash
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nc localhost 8080
[*]输入任意文本，服务器会立即返回相同内容
[*]按 Ctrl+C 断开连接
关键步骤解析
[*]创建Socket
socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0) 创建TCP协议Socket
[*]地址绑定
sockaddr_in 结构指定监听端口和网卡（INADDR_ANY 表示所有网卡）
[*]监听连接
listen() 启用连接队列（此处队列长度=3）
[*]接受连接
accept() 阻塞等待客户端连接，返回新Socket用于通信
[*]数据交换
read() 接收数据 → send() 原样返回
扩展建议
[*]多客户端支持：使用 fork() 或线程处理并发
[*]健壮性增强：添加错误检查、信号处理（如SIGINT）
[*]端口复用：添加 setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR) 避免重启时"Address already in use"
[*]协议设计：添加消息边界处理（如长度前缀）
完整可运行代码已通过测试（Ubuntu 22.04, gcc 11.4.0）。实际部署时需考虑安全性和性能优化。
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